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high fantasy
High fantasy is a subgenre of fantasy, defined either by its setting in an imaginary world or by the epic stature of its characters, themes, and plot.〔Brian Stableford, ''The A to Z of Fantasy Literature'', (p. 198), Scarecrow Press,Plymouth. 2005. ISBN 0-8108-6829-6〕 The term "high fantasy" was coined by Lloyd Alexander in a 1971 essay, "High Fantasy and Heroic Romance".〔
==Genre overview==
High fantasy is defined as fantasy set in an alternative, fictional ("secondary") world, rather than "the real", or "primary" world. The secondary world is usually internally consistent, but its rules differ from those of the primary world. By contrast, low fantasy is characterized by being set in the primary, or "real" world, or a rational and familiar fictional world, with the inclusion of magical elements.〔C.W. Sullivan has a slightly more complex definition in "High Fantasy", chapter 24 of the ''International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature'' by Peter Hunt and Sheila G. Bannister Ray (Routledge, 1996 and 2004), chapter 24.〕
The romances of William Morris, such as ''The Well at the World's End'', set in an imaginary medieval world, are sometimes regarded as the first examples of high fantasy.〔Gardner Dozois, "Introduction" to ''Modern Classics of Fantasy''. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1997. (xvi-xvii) ISBN 031215173X〕 The works of J. R. R. Tolkien—especially ''The Lord of the Rings''—are regarded as the archetypal works of high fantasy.〔 Stephen R. Donaldson's ''The Chronicles of Thomas Covenant'' is another example of a high fantasy series.〔"Stephen R. Donaldson's ''Lord Foul's Bane'' is a High Fantasy that is often compared with Tolkien's ''Lord of the Rings'' ... but Donaldson's approach to his Secondary World, the Land, differs in remarkable ways". (p. 123) James E. Gunn, ''Paratexts: Introductions to science fiction and fantasy'' Lanham : The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2013. ISBN 9780810891227 (p. 123)〕
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